Symptoms:
First degree sunburns cause reddening of the skin and possibly slight fever. Second degree sunburns makes reddening and water blisters. Third degree sunburns produces damage to lower cells and the release of fluid, resulting in eruptions and skin breaks where bacteria and infection can enter.


Cause:
There has been excessive exposure to ultraviolet light rays. They first burn the surface skin and, later, the lower cell layers. Ultraviolet rays can penetrate clouds, so be careful even on hazy days.

Treatment:
• A third degree sunburn is serious; see a doctor. Water applications help. Keep the muscles flexible. A strong sunburn can cause underlying muscles to contract somewhat.

• For both second and third degree burns, be sure to eat high-protein foods. A lot of tissue needs to be repaired; your body is hard at work. Drink a lot of fluids.

• Put cold water on the burn. Let him lay in a cool bath.

• Mix a cup of skim milk with 4 cups water and add a few ice cubes; every few hours, apply compresses for 15-20 minutes.

• Place dry oatmeal in a bag, run cool water through it, and save the water. Throw away the contents of the bag, and use the water in compresses. Apply every 2-4 hours.

• Here are other suggestions: Clay poultices can be used. Massage aloe vera on the area. Do not apply any product which has alcohol, mineral oil, coloring, or waxes in it. Moisten a cloth with witch hazel, and apply often for temporary relief; for small areas, apply with cotton balls. Apply plain yogurt to the area. Make a paste of cornstarch and water, and apply it. An ice pack can help reduce pain. Get lots of sleep.

• If the legs are burned, elevate them above the heart level.

• That skin area will be delicate for 3-6 months, so be careful.


Prevention:
Do not expose yourself to the sun for extended periods of time between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the highest concentration of ultraviolet rays are present. Reflections from snow water, metal, sand, or white- and aluminum-painted surfaces can intensify the effect.

Apply a sunscreen about 30 minutes before going out. Protect your lips, hands, ears, and the back of the neck. Reapply as needed after swimming and sweating. Get a tan gradually, beginning with only a few minutes (never over 15). Wear protective clothing whenever possible. Keep a hat with you, and use it. Long sleeves help.