Other Names:
Xerophthalmia

Symptoms:
The cornea is the domed clear bulge on the front of the eye. It becomes hazy and dry, and then ulcerated. The eyes feel extremely dry. Blinking increases, but does not seem to properly moisten them. Conjunctivitis and night blindness occurs.

Fat-like spots (Bitot's spots) appear on the sclera (white of the eye). These are white, foamy, elevated, and sharply outlined patches on the whites of the eyes.

Cause:
This is a nutritional problem. If it is not solved, permanent blindness can result.

Treatment:
• Take vitamin A (25,000 units for children, and at least 50,000 units for adults) per day as beta carotene. Increase the amount of zinc and protein consumption, and improve the general nutrition. Take a vitamin/mineral supplement twice daily.

• Bitot's spots are caused by a vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin D and adequate protein are also needed.

• Avoid eyestrain and smoke-filled rooms.